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Compare Djibouti (2001) - Western Sahara (2002)
Compare Djibouti (2001) z Western Sahara (2002)
| Djibouti (2001) | Western Sahara (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura | none (under de facto control of Morocco) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859) 15-64 years: 54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841) 65 years and over: 2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels | fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads) |
| Airports | 12 (2000 est.) | 11 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
| Area | total:
22,000 sq km land: 21,980 sq km water: 20 sq km |
total: 266,000 sq km
land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Massachusetts | about the size of Colorado |
| Background | The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels. | Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. |
| Birth rate | 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues:
$133 million expenditures: $187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Djibouti | none |
| Climate | desert; torrid, dry | hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew |
| Coastline | 314 km | 1,110 km |
| Constitution | multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 | - |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti conventional short form: Djibouti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara |
| Currency | Djiboutian franc (DJF) | Moroccan dirham (MAD) |
| Death rate | 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $356 million (1999 est.) | $NA |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti telephone: [253] 35 39 95 FAX: [253] 35 39 40 |
none |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302 |
none |
| Disputes - international | none | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties reject other proposals |
| Economic aid - recipient | $106.3 million (1995) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options. | Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. |
| Electricity - consumption | 167.4 million kWh (1999) | 83.7 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 180 million kWh (1999) | 90 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m |
lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point: unnamed location 463 m |
| Environment - current issues | inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification | sparse water and lack of arable land |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% | Arab, Berber |
| Exchange rates | Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973) | Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (January 2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999); head of government: Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6% |
none |
| Exports | $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) | phosphates 62% |
| Exports - partners | Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998) | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center | - |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
3% industry: 22% services: 75% (1998 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 40%-45% (1996 est.) (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | 2% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 11 30 N, 43 00 E | 24 30 N, 13 00 W |
| Geography - note | strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland | the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas |
| Highways | total:
2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1996) |
total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products | fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998) | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts |
| Independence | 27 June 1977 (from France) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3% (1996 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling | phosphate mining, handicrafts |
| Infant mortality rate | 101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme | - |
| Labor force | 282,000 | 12,000 |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.) | animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50% |
| Land boundaries | total:
508 km border countries: Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km |
total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 9% forests and woodland: 0% other: 91% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
| Legal system | based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law | - |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election |
- |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
51.21 years male: 49.37 years female: 53.1 years (2001 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.2% male: 60.3% female: 32.7% (1995 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia | Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco |
| Map references | Africa | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue |
| Merchant marine | total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Military branches | Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $23 million (FY97) | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 4.5% (FY97) | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 27 June (1977) | - |
| Nationality | noun:
Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian |
noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian |
| Natural hazards | earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility |
| Natural resources | geothermal areas | phosphates, iron ore |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH] | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD | none |
| Population | 460,700 (July 2001 est.) | 256,177 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.6% (2001 est.) | NA (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Djibouti | Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 52,000 (1997) | 56,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003 |
0 km |
| Religions | Muslim 94%, Christian 6% | Muslim |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | NA years of age; universal adult | none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country domestic: microwave radio relay network international: submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network |
general assessment: sparse and limited system
domestic: NA international: tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 8,000 (1997) | about 2,000 (1999 est.) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 203 (1997) | 0 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998) | NA |
| Terrain | coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains | mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast |
| Total fertility rate | 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | 50% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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